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Although Hapkido is less than a century old, it is the product of more than 2,000 years of martial tradition. This heritage is due to five major cultural infusions and a myriad of lesser cultural influences. The first major infusion is ancient tribal technique (Sado Mu Sool). Ancient methods included forms of combat waged by horsemen. These systems would have included archery, lance, stone sword, and knife, as well as brand of wrestling common across most of Central Asia. Practiced by the migrating tribes of the steppes of northeastern Asia, these martial skills formed one foundation for Korean martial tradition. The second and third infusions to Korean martial culture were the introduction Of Buddhist and Confucian belief systems and administrative systems. These infusions were simultaneous. They started during the fourth and fifth centuries of the Common Era, and went on for the next 1,500 years. The introduction of Buddhist beliefs is reflected in the establishment of various codes that were established to guide the warrior's efforts in meeting his responsibilities to his community and country. Buddhist tradition pressed an accomplished warrior to submit to a code based on patriotism (Chung), filial piety (Hyo), fraternity (Shin), justice (Yang), and benevolence (lm). In this way, the role that Buddhist thought played for the Korean warrior was not unlike that the role that the Catholic Church played in developing Western European chivalry. For its part, the Confucian system advocated a reverence for governmental authority and supported this through a hierarchy of levels, examinations, and offices. Such a strict hierarchical system readily lent itself to affirming the rigid Korean class system, composed of aristocracy, bureaucracy, farmers, and slaves and emphasizing the supremacy of the king.
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